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INFOTEXT
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1992-09-03
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203 lines
A form of football originating in the UK,
popular in Europe and Latin America. It is
played between two teams each of 11 players,
on a field 90-120 m/100-130 yd long and 45-90
m/50-100 yd wide, with a spherical, inflated
(traditionally leather) ball, circumference
0.69 m/27 in. The object of the game is to
send the ball with the feet or head into the
opponents' goal, an area 7.31 m/8 yd wide and
2.44 m/8 ft high. A team is broadly divided
into defence (the goalkeeper and defenders),
midfield (whose players collect the ball from
the defence and distribute it to the
attackers), and attack (forwards or
strikers). The number of players assigned to
each role varies according to the tactics
adopted, but a typical formation is 4-4-2
(four defenders, excluding goalkeeper, four
midfield, and two forwards). The field has a
halfway line marked with a centre circle, two
penalty areas, and two goal areas. Corner
kicks are taken from a 1 m/1 yd segment, when
the ball goes behind the goal-line off a
defender; a ball kicked over the touchlines
is thrown in by one of the opposing side. On
the field of play itself only the goalkeeper
is allowed to touch the ball with the hands
and then only in an assigned penalty area.
Teams committing a foul forfeit possession.
For major offences committed within the
defenders' penalty area, a penalty kick may
be awarded by the referee to the attacking
team. This is taken 11 m/12 yd from the goal
centre, with only the goalkeeper inside the
area; he must stand still on the goal-line
until the kick is taken. The game is started
and re-started after each goal, from the
centre spot. It is played for two periods of
45 minutes each, the teams changing ends at
half-time. The game is controlled by a
referee; two linesmen indicate when the ball
is kicked into touch and bring other rule
infringements to the referee's attention.
Played in England from the 14th century,
football developed in the 19th century and
the first set of rules were drawn up at
Cambridge University 1848. The modern game is
played in the UK according to the rules laid
down by the Football Association, founded
1863. The Football League was founded 1888.
Slight amendments to the rules take effect in
certain competitions and overseas matches as
laid down by the sport's world governing
body, Federation Internationale de Football
Association (FIFA, 1904). FIFA organizes the
competitions for the World Cup, held every
four years since 1930. Other major events
include the European Championship which was
instituted in 1958 and which is held every
four years since 1960; the European Champions
Cup which was first held in 1955; the
European Cup Winners' Cup, which was first
held in 1960; the UEFA Cup (formerly the
Inter Cities Fairs Cup) first held in 1955;
the FA Cup, a knockout competition, held
annually in England and Wales since 1872; the
Football League Cup (currently known as the
Rumbelows Cup, formerly known as the Milk Cup
which in 1986 changed its name to the
Littlewoods Cup) the first final held in 1961
in two stages, now a single game; the
Football League founded 1888-89; Scottish
League formed 1899-91, reformed into three
divisions 1975-76; the Scottish FA Cup first
final held 1874. association football: recent
winners World Cup
1950 Uruguay
1954 West Germany
1958 Brazil
1962 Brazil
1966 England
1970 Brazil
1974 West Germany
1978 Argentina
1982 Italy
1986 Argentina
1990 West Germany
European Championship
1960 USSR
1964 Spain
1968 Italy
1972 West Germany
1976 Czechoslovakia
1980 West Germany
1984 France
1988 Holland
European Champions Cup
1980 Nottingham Forest (England)
1981 Liverpool (England)
1982 Aston Villa (England)
1983 SV Hamburg (West Germany)
1984 Liverpool (England)
1985 Juventus (Italy)
1986 Steaua Bucharest (Romania)
1987 FC Porto (Portugal)
1988 PSV Eindhoven (Holland)
1989 AC Milan (Italy)
1990 AC Milan (Italy)
European Cup Winners' Cup
1977 SV Hamburg (West Germany)
1978 Anderlecht (Belgium)
1979 Barcelona (Spain)
1980 Valencia (Spain)
1981 Dinamo Tbilisi (USSR)
1982 Barcelona (Spain)
1983 Aberdeen (Scotland)
1984 Juventus (Italy)
1985 Everton (England)
1986 Dinamo Kiev (USSR)
1987 Ajax (Holland)
1988 Mechelen (Belgium)
1989 Barcelona (Spain)
1990 Sampdoria (Italy)
UEFA Cup
1977 Juventus (Italy)
1978 PSV Eindhoven (Holland)
1979 Borussia Monchen-Gladbach (West Germany)
1980 Eintracht Frankfurt (West Germany) 1981
Ipswich Town (England)
1982 IFK Gothenburg (Sweden)
1983 Anderlecht (Belgium)
1984 Tottenham Hotspur (England)
1985 Real Madrid (Spain)
1986 Real Madrid (Spain)
1987 IFK Gothenburg (Sweden)
1988 Bayer Leverkusen (West Germany) 1989
Napoli (Italy)
1990 Juventus (Italy)
FA Cup
1977 Manchester United
1978 Ipswich Town
1979 Arsenal
1980 West Ham United
1981 Tottenham Hotspur
1982 Tottenham Hotspur
1983 Manchester United
1984 Everton
1985 Manchester United
1986 Liverpool
1987 Coventry City
1988 Wimbledon
1989 Liverpool
1990 Manchester United
Football League Cup
1977 Aston Villa
1978 Nottingham Forest
1979 Nottingham Forest
1980 Wolverhampton Wanderers
1981 Liverpool
1982 Liverpool
1983 Liverpool
1984 Liverpool
1985 Norwich City
1986 Oxford United
1987 Arsenal
1988 Luton Town
1989 Nottingham Forest
1990 Nottingham Forest
Division One Champions
1980-81 Aston Villa
1981-82 Liverpool
1982-83 Liverpool
1983-84 Liverpool
1984-85 Everton
1985-86 Liverpool
1986-87 Everton
1987-88 Liverpool
1988-89 Arsenal
1989-90 Liverpool
Scottish Premier Division Champions 1980-81
Celtic
1981-82 Celtic
1982-83 Dundee United
1983-84 Aberdeen
1984-85 Aberdeen
1985-86 Celtic
1986-87 Rangers
1987-88 Celtic
1988-89 Rangers
1989-90 Rangers
Scottish FA Cup
1980 Celtic
1981 Rangers
1982 Aberdeen
1983 Aberdeen
1984 Aberdeen
1985 Celtic
1986 Aberdeen
1987 St Mirren
1988 Celtic
1989 Celtic
1990 Aberdeen